Gender identity and mental health inequalities 2001-2022: population-level evidence from an Australian cohort study.

Background: Trans, non-binary and gender-diverse (TGD) people experience poorer mental health relative to cisgender populations. However, we know little on how TGD mental health inequalities are changing over time. With newly available information on gender identity within Australia's largest longitudinal household survey, we aimed to provide the first nationally representative estimates of temporal trends in TGD mental health inequalities.

Heterochronous laminar maturation in the human prefrontal cortex.

The human prefrontal cortex (PFC) exhibits markedly protracted developmental plasticity, yet whether reductions in plasticity occur synchronously across prefrontal cortical layers is unclear. Animal studies have shown that intracortical myelin consolidates neural circuits to close periods of plasticity. Here, we use quantitative myelin imaging collected from youth (ages 10-32 years) at ultra-high field (7T) to investigate whether deep and superficial PFC layers exhibit different timeframes of plasticity.

Maturation of striatal dopamine supports the development of habitual behavior through adolescence.

Developmental trajectories during the transition from adolescence to adulthood contribute to the establishment of stable, adult forms of operation. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying this transition is crucial for identifying variability in normal development and the onset of psychiatric disorders, which typically emerge during this time. Habitual behaviors can serve as a model for understanding brain mechanisms underlying the stabilization of adult behavior, while also conferring risk for psychopathologies.

Within-person affect dynamics among individuals in residential treatment for opioid use disorder: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Ecological momentary assessment is increasingly leveraged to better understand affective processes underlying substance use disorder treatment and recovery. Research in this area has yielded novel insights into the roles of mean levels of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in precipitating drug craving and substance use in daily life. Little of the extant substance use disorder treatment research, however, considers dynamic patterns of PA and NA, separately or in relation to one another, or how such patterns may differ from those observed among nonclinical samples.

Structured Estimation of Heterogeneous Time Series.

How best to model structurally heterogeneous processes is a foundational question in the social, health and behavioral sciences. Recently, Fisher et al. introduced the multi-VAR approach for simultaneously estimating multiple-subject multivariate time series characterized by common and individualizing features using penalized estimation.