Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of thyroid cancers identify DICER1 somatic mutations in adult follicular-patterned RAS-like tumors.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer (TC). Several genomic and transcriptomic studies explored the molecular landscape of follicular cell-derived TCs, and V600E, mutations, and gene fusions are well-established drivers. mutations were described in specific sets of TC patients but represent a rare event in adult TC patients.

The genomics of desmoplastic small round cell tumor reveals the deregulation of genes related to DNA damage response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune response.

Background: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, aggressive, and poorly investigated simple sarcoma with a low frequency of genetic deregulation other than an Ewing sarcoma RNA binding protein 1 (EWSR1)-Wilm's tumor suppressor (WT1) translocation. We used whole-exome sequencing to interrogate six consecutive pre-treated DSRCTs whose gene expression was previously investigated.

Methods: DNA libraries were prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue specimens following the Agilent SureSelectXT2 target enrichment protocol and sequenced on Illumina NextSeq 500.

Whole exome sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses to identify germline alterations in genes associated with testosterone metabolism in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome and early-onset colorectal cancer.

Background: Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), a disorder of sexual development in 46, XY individuals, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. A variety of tumors have been reported in association with AIS, but no cases with colorectal cancer (CRC) have been described.

Case Presentation: Here, we present a male patient with AIS who developed multiple early-onset CRCs and his pedigree.

Hepatitis G virus infection in hemodialysis patients.

The increased risk of hemodialysis patients for infections sustained by hepatitis viruses is likely to extend to a newly discovered parenterally transmitted virus, HGBV-C/HGV, able to cause acute and chronic hepatitis. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and clinical relevance of this infection in Italian hemodialysis patients. Nineteen of 100 patients (19%) on maintenance hemodialysis were viremic for HGBV-C/HGV, and all of them were infected with a HGV-like genotype.