Unveiling the ghost: machine learning's impact on the landscape of virology.

The complexity and speed of evolution in viruses with RNA genomes makes predictive identification of variants with epidemic or pandemic potential challenging. In recent years, machine learning has become an increasingly capable technology for addressing this challenge, as advances in methods and computational power have dramatically improved the performance of models and led to their widespread adoption across industries and disciplines. Nascent applications of machine learning technology to virus research have now expanded, providing new tools for handling large-scale datasets and leading to a reshaping of existing workflows for phenotype prediction, phylogenetic analysis, drug discovery and more.

The skin allergy risk assessment-integrated chemical environment (SARA-ICE) defined approach to derive points of departure for skin sensitization.

Mechanistically based non-animal methods for assessing skin sensitization hazard have been developed, but are not considered sufficient, individually, to conclusively define the skin sensitization potential or potency of a chemical. This resulted in the development of defined approaches (DAs), as documented in OECD TG 497, for combining information sources in a prescriptive manner to provide a determination of risk or potency. However, there are currently no DAs within OECD TG 497 that can derive a point of departure (POD) for risk assessment.

Nurses' Journey Towards Recovery: Describing Suffering During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Present Day.

The nursing profession has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and nurses continue to suffer emotionally and psychologically. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of chronic and ongoing occupational psychological trauma nurses have endured during the COVID-19 pandemic to present day. Eight nurses were interviewed between November 2022 and April 2023.

One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction.

Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse and important for livelihoods and economic development, but are under substantial stress. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods are used to guide environmental policy and conservation prioritization, whereas recent proposals for target setting in freshwaters use abiotic factors.

Human Growth Hormone (GH) use by Athletes with Short Stature without GH Deficiency: Therapeutic Use Exemptions.

Organized sports are governed by specific rules which aim to create or preserve fair play. An unfair advantage can be obtained by the use of specific substances or methods, also referred to as doping. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) leads the international doping-free sport movement and annually publishes the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (List), that is used by most sport federations and organizations around the world.