Fennel Seed Biochar: A Sustainable Approach for Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solutions.

In this study, biochars were produced from by-products of the herbal industry, specifically fennel seeds (), through direct activation by carbon dioxide at two different temperatures. The biochar samples were comprehensively analysed. Additionally, adsorption studies were conducted for methylene blue.

Methyl Red Adsorption on Biochar Obtained by Physical Activation of Caraway Seeds with Carbon Dioxide.

In this study carbon adsorbents were produced from caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds, through direct and physical activation by carbon dioxide. The resulting biochar adsorbents were analyzed using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and Boehm titration.

Removal of Methyl Red from Aqueous Solution Using Biochar Derived from Fennel Seeds.

In this study, fennel () seeds were used as a precursor to obtain carbon adsorbents through physical activation with carbon dioxide and chemical activation by impregnating the precursor with sodium carbonate. The physical activation involved the carbonization of the precursor at a temperature of 600 °C for 60 min and activation at a temperature of 800 °C for 30 min with carbon dioxide. Chemical activation included impregnation of the precursor with sodium carbonate at a mass ratio of a precursor to activator of 1:2.

Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Red from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbons Obtained by Chemical Activation of Caraway Seed.

In this study, activated carbons were produced through the chemical activation of caraway seeds using three different activators: NaCO, KCO, and HPO. A 1:2 weight ratio of precursor to activator was maintained in every instance. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on the resultant activated carbons, including elemental analysis, textural parameters determination, Boehm titration for surface oxygen functional groups, pH assessment of aqueous extracts, and quantification of ash content.

Biocarbons Obtained from Fennel and Caraway Fruits as Adsorbents of Methyl Red Sodium Salt from Water System.

The aim of this study was to prepare biocarbons by biomass activation with carbon(IV) oxide. Fennel and caraway fruits were used as the precursors of bioadsorbents. The impact of the precursor type and temperature of activation on the physicochemical properties of the obtained biocarbons and their interaction with methyl red sodium salt upon adsorption process have been checked.