Additive Free Crosslinking of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate via Electron Beam Irradiation at Elevated Temperatures.

When applying electron or gamma irradiation to poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB), main chain scissions are the dominant material reactions. Though propositions have been made that crosslinking in the amorphous phase of P3HB occurs under irradiation, a conclusive method to achieve controlled additive free irradiation crosslinking has not been shown and no mechanism has been derived to the best of our knowledge. By applying irradiation in a molten state at 195 °C and doses above 200 kGy, we were able to initiate crosslink reactions and achieved gel formation of up to 16%.

It is Never Too Late for a Cocktail - Development and Analytical Characterization of Fixed-dose Antibody Combinations.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been immensely successful as biological drugs. However, the treatment of some diseases requires combinations of antibodies that bind to different pharmacological targets. An elegant approach to delivering the therapeutic potential of antibody combinations is to develop drug products based on fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of co-formulated mAbs.

Biophysical Characterization of Binary Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Mixtures.

Coformulations containing two therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could offer various benefits like enhanced therapeutic efficacy and better patient compliance. However, there are very few published studies on coformulations and binary mixtures of mAbs. It remains unclear to what extent mAbs with different physicochemical properties can be combined in solution without detrimental effects on protein stability.

Overcoming challenges in co-formulation of proteins with contradicting stability profiles - EPO plus G-CSF.

The co-formulation of drugs is widely used for small molecules, e.g. fixed-dose-combinations of synergistic medicines in the treatment of infections, diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases.

A unifying theory of synaptic long-term plasticity based on a sparse distribution of synaptic strength.

Long-term synaptic plasticity is fundamental to learning and network function. It has been studied under various induction protocols and depends on firing rates, membrane voltage, and precise timing of action potentials. These protocols show different facets of a common underlying mechanism but they are mostly modeled as distinct phenomena.