Churn in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Changes in Medicaid Expenditure and Acute Care Utilization.

Background: The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides financial assistance to low-income individuals and families to help them purchase food. However, when participants experience short-term disenrollment from the program, known as churn, it can disrupt their health care usage patterns or result in acute health care needs due to the loss of financial benefits and time burden required to reapply for SNAP.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the changes in health care expenditures and acute care utilization during periods of SNAP churn compared with nonchurn periods among those who churn during the study period.

Neurovascular venous anatomy: Brain, head, and neck.

The venous anatomy of the brain, head, and neck is essential to endovascular diagnosis and therapy. This chapter provides an overview of the venous system.

Neurovascular arterial anatomy: Brain, head, and neck.

An understanding of neurovascular anatomy is essential to endovascular diagnosis and therapy. This chapter provides an overview of the arterial anatomy from the aortic arch to the vertex.

A transgene targeted to the zebrafish nkx2.4b locus drives specific green fluorescent protein expression and disrupts thyroid development.

Background: With the goal of labeling and manipulating the zebrafish hypothalamus, we sought to target a green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene to the expression domains of nkx2.4b, a gene expressed during hypothalamic and thyroid development. We combined transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)-mediated mutagenesis with a targeting construct to enable insertion of a gfp transgene into the endogenous nkx2.

Low-dose oral interferon modulates expression of inflammatory and autoimmune genes in cattle.

While the safety and efficacy profiles of orally administered bovine interferon (IFN) alpha have been documented, the mechanism(s) that result in clinical benefits remain elusive. One approach to delineating the molecular pathways of IFN efficacy is through the use of gene expression profiling technologies. In this proof-of-concept study, different (0, 50, 200 and 800 units) oral doses of natural bovine IFN (type I) were tested in cattle to determine if oral IFN altered the expression of genes that may be pivotal to the development of systemic resistance to viral infections such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD).