Long-term but not short-term p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition improves cardiac function and reduces cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction.

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibition exerts beneficial effects on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction. p38 MAPK activity is transiently increased soon after myocardial infarction (MI), suggesting brief inhibition may afford the same benefit as long-term inhibition. We examined chronic 12-week p38 MAPK inhibition compared with short-term (7-day) inhibition, and then we discontinued inhibition after MI.

Effects of a Rho kinase inhibitor on pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy and associated diastolic dysfunction.

The RhoA-Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway has an important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of Rho kinase inhibition on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy (POH) and associated diastolic dysfunction has not been evaluated. This study examined the effect of a selective ROCK inhibitor (GSK-576371) in a POH model, induced by suprarenal abdominal aortic constriction.

Which treatment for whom for ADHD? Moderators of treatment response in the MTA.

Using receiver operating characteristics, the authors examined outcome predictors (variables associated with outcome regardless of treatment) and moderators (variables identifying subgroups with differential treatment effectiveness) in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; MTA). Treatment response was determined using parent- and teacher-reported ADHD and oppositional defiant symptoms, with levels near or within the normal range indicating excellent response. Among 9 baseline child and family characteristics, none predicted but 3 moderated treatment response.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without tics in a clinical sample of children and adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to discriminate subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. Sixty OCD patients were assessed in two outpatient psychiatric clinics; 15 patients had a lifetime history of tics and 45 patients had no tic history. Interviews were conducted with the patients and their parents by a child psychiatrist using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS).