Impact of a reduced metabolizable protein supply during the transition period on the immune and metabolic status of dairy cows.

During the transition period, the incidence of diseases increases due to a negative energy balance that affects metabolic and immune status. Limiting milk production at the beginning of lactation by milking once a day or by incompletely milking twice a day improves the metabolic and immune status of cows. Previous studies have shown that milk production is highly responsive to additional MP.

Applications of pharmacometrics in drug development.

The last two decades have witnessed profound changes in how advanced computational tools can help leverage tons of data to improve our knowledge, and ultimately reduce cost and increase productivity in drug development. Pharmacometrics has demonstrated its impact through model-informed drug development (MIDD) approaches. It is now an indispensable component throughout the whole continuum of drug discovery, development, regulatory review, and approval.

Evaluation of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM, 2021) feed evaluation model on predictions of milk protein yield on Québec commercial dairy farms.

A recent study assessed the ability of 4 feed evaluation models to predict milk protein yield (MPY) in a commercial context, with data of 541 cows from 23 dairy herds in the province of Québec, Canada. However, the recently published Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM, 2021) was not released at that time. Thus, the current study evaluated NASEM using the same dataset.

Effects of protein and forage source on performance and splanchnic and mammary net fluxes of nutrients in lactating dairy cows.

This study was conducted to determine if the decreased MP supply predicted by the NRC (2001) when canola meal (CM) substitutes soybean meal (SBM) was supported by direct measurement of net portal absorption of AA or energy-yielding nutrients, plus the effect of the type of forage in CM-based rations. Nine Holstein cows with indwelling catheters in splanchnic blood vessels, 8 also with a ruminal cannula, were used to examine the effects of protein source in corn silage-based diets, comparing SBM versus CM, and forage source in CM-based diets, comparing corn versus grass silage. The cows were allocated to a triple 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21-d periods.