A diet-dependent host metabolite shapes the gut microbiota to protect from autoimmunity.

Diet can protect from autoimmune disease; however, whether diet acts via the host and/or microbiome remains unclear. Here, we use a ketogenic diet (KD) as a model to dissect these complex interactions. A KD rescued the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis in a microbiota-dependent fashion.

Placental homogeneity: Characterizing transcriptional variation among equine chorioallantoic locations.

The proper function of the placenta is essential for the health and growth of the fetus and the mother. The placenta relies on dynamic gene expression for its correct and timely development and function. Although numerous studies have identified genes vital for placental functions, equine placental molecular research has primarily focused on single placental locations, in sharp contrast with the broader approach in human studies.

Exploring the Impact of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis on Otolaryngological Functions.

Importance: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons at the spinal or bulbar level.

Objective: We aim to describe the most frequent otolaryngology (ORL) complaints and voice disturbances in patients with bulbar onset ALS.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

The impact of the human gut microbiome on the treatment of autoimmune disease.

Autoimmune (or rheumatic) diseases are increasing in prevalence but selecting the best therapy for each patient proceeds in trial-and-error fashion. This strategy can lead to ineffective therapy resulting in irreversible damage and suffering; thus, there is a need to bring the promise of precision medicine to patients with autoimmune disease. While host factors partially determine the therapeutic response to immunosuppressive drugs, these are not routinely used to tailor therapy.

Parents' perceived barriers to active commuting to school. Comparative study between Spanish and Ecuadorian cities.

Parents´ perceptions can influence their children´s mode of commuting to school. In this sense, the purposes of this study were to compare parental barriers towards active commuting to school (ACS) between Ecuadorian and Spanish children, and to analyze the associations between those barriers and the children's mode of commuting. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using Chi-square and T-student test.