Patterns of participation in summer programming among United States' elementary children from low-income urban households: Results from the project SWEAT study.

Food insecurity increases among marginalized children during the summer when school is out of session. Summer programming that offers access to healthy meals and snacks may reduce the risk. There is a national call in the US for more research to assure equitable access to summer programming.

Particulate matter and Alzheimer's disease: an intimate connection.

The environmental role in disease progression has been appreciated for decades; however, understanding how airborne toxicant exposure can affect organs beyond the lungs is an underappreciated area of scientific inquiry. Particulate matter (PM) includes various gases, liquids, and particles in suspension and is produced by industrial activities such as fossil fuel combustion and natural events including wildfires and volcanic eruptions. Although agencies have attempted to reduce acceptable airborne particulate levels, with urbanization and population growth, these policies have been only moderately effective in mitigating disease progression.

Influence of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis on Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease.

The gut microbiota is made up of trillions of microbial cells including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbial bodies and is greatly involved in the maintenance of proper health of the host body. In particular, the gut microbiota has been shown to not only be involved in brain development but also in the modulation of behavior, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. The precise mechanism by which the gut microbiota can affect the development of Alzheimer's disease is unknown, but the gut microbiota is thought to communicate with the brain directly via the vagus nerve or indirectly through signaling molecules such as cytokines, neuroendocrine hormones, bacterial components, neuroactive molecules, or microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids.

The safety of single-physician procedural sedation in the emergency department.

Background: Previous research has shown the safety of procedural sedation in the emergency department in university settings involving multiple emergency physicians.

Objective: To examine sedation in the emergency department conducted by a single emergency physician with monitoring by the emergency nurse.

Methods: The Procedural Sedation in the Community Emergency Department Registry is a prospective observational database of procedural sedation cases directed by the emergency physicians.