Microvesicles - potential biomarkers for the interrelations atherosclerosis/type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Microvesicles, also called microparticles or exosomes, are ultrastructural cellular components that have been widely researched in the past as well as present in order to establish their morphology, origin and role in physiological and pathological processes. Advanced techniques show that these microparticles have their clinical implications in the prevention and prediction in pathology and have potential in the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular, autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Electron microscopic study of the arterial wall in the cerebral aneurysms.

The ultrastructural modifications were observed in electron microscopy of the congenital aneurysm of the internal carotid artery with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The tunica intima very enlarged contains in the endothelial cells numerous microvesicles of pinocytosis, and rare cell organelles. The internal elastic lamina presented ruptured or absence zones.

Ultrastructural features of blood cells in atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a complex process that affects specific tissues of the vasculature, susceptible to developing atherosclerosis. >From 10 patients with atherosclerosis, between 50-70 years, peripheral blood was prelevated and after the technical procedures the blood cells were studied using the electron microscopy. The most characteristic morphological modifications were observed in agranulocytes and platelets.

Atrial natriuretic factor in the ischemic heart.

The synthesis and the release of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were studied by electron microscopy in the atrial cells from an ischemic myocardium. The ANF-containing secretory vesicles of normal atrial cells were present in great number near the Golgi apparatus, and near the sarcolemma. After 30 min.

Histochemical demonstration of folic acid metabolism, some lysosomal activities and NADH2-cytochrome-C-reductase in corpora mammillaria in the ageing process.

In bovine corpora mammillaria of young animals, a folic acid positive reaction was found in the neurons and in the neuroglia, in parallel with high dihydrofolate-reductase activity in the nerve cells. In old animals, folate and lysosome enzymes were different in the lateral and in medial nucleus, the highest amount being observed in the lateral nucleus; in the glial cells the lysosomal enzymes increased and in the nerve cells the concentration of folic acid increased. In the medial nucleus only relatively few enzyme modifications in the process of senescence were noticed.