The potential impact of advanced footwear technology on the recent evolution of elite sprint performances.

Background: Elite track and field sprint performances have reached a point of stability as we near the limits of human physiology, and further significant improvements may require technological intervention. Following the widely reported performance benefits of new advanced footwear technology (AFT) in road-running events, similar innovations have since been applied to sprint spikes in hope of providing similar performance enhancing benefits. However, it is not yet clear based on current evidence whether there have been subsequent improvements in sprint performance.

Multiclonal human origin and global expansion of an endemic bacterial pathogen of livestock.

Most new pathogens of humans and animals arise via switching events from distinct host species. However, our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological drivers of successful host adaptation, expansion, and dissemination are limited. is a major bacterial pathogen of humans and a leading cause of mastitis in dairy cows worldwide.

Bovine milk somatic cell transcriptomic response to Staphylococcus aureus is dependent on strain genotype.

Background: Mastitis is an economically important disease of dairy cows with Staphylococcus aureus a major cause worldwide. Challenge of Holstein-Friesian cows demonstrated that S. aureus strain MOK124, which belongs to Clonal Complex (CC)151, caused clinical mastitis, while strain MOK023, belonging to CC97, caused mild or subclinical mastitis.

Timing of Transcriptomic Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Responses of Sheep to Infection Differs From Those of Cattle, Reflecting Different Disease Phenotypes.

Infection with the zoonotic trematode , common in many regions with a temperate climate, leads to delayed growth and loss of productivity in cattle, while infection in sheep can have more severe effects, potentially leading to death. Previous transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulation of , cell death and Toll-like receptor signalling, T-cell activation, and inhibition of nitric oxide production in macrophages in response to infection. However, the differences between ovine and bovine responses have not yet been explored.

Impact of engagement factors on nurses' intention to leave hospital employment.

Aim: To determine the impact of workforce engagement factors on nurses' intention to leave their hospital.

Background: Nurse retention is important for safe patient care. It is unknown whether meaning and joy in work, occupational fatigue, job satisfaction and unprofessional behaviour experiences predict hospital nurse turnover intentions.