Violence risk assessment of Sovereign Citizens: An exploratory examination of the HCR-20 Version 3 and the TRAP-18.

Sovereign Citizens comprise an understudied right-wing extremist movement in the United States who have grown in notoriety in recent years due to several high-profile instances of violence. Despite this, little empirical research has been conducted on Sovereign Citizens, including research on assessing their risk for violence. In this study, we sought to replicate and extend a prior study on Sovereign Citizen violence.

Changing infant feeding practices and declining incidence of coeliac disease in West Somerset.

An association was investigated between changing infant feeding practices and a declining incidence of childhood coeliac disease and transient gluten intolerance (TGI) in West Somerset, England during 1971-92. Dietary histories of 18 patients with coeliac disease were compared with 23 controls during 1971-80 and eight patients with coeliac disease and 39 controls during 1981-92. Our findings showed that the declining incidence of coeliac disease and TGI were associated with changing infant feeding practices, characterised by the later introduction of dietary gluten, an increased use of baby rice and gluten free foods for weaning, and an increased incidence of initial breast feeding.

The trophic action of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin on human duodenal mucosa cultured in vitro.

Background: Experimental evidence suggests that hormones may regulate small intestinal adaptation after surgical resection.

Aims: To characterise the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin on crypt epithelial cell proliferation in the human duodenal mucosa cultured in vitro.

Patients: Thirty nine adults had endoscopic duodenal biopsy specimens taken, which were histologically normal and pair matched specimens from each patient acted as their own control.

The trophic action of human growth hormone on human duodenal mucosa cultured in vitro.

The influence of human growth hormone (hGH) on crypt cell proliferation in cultured explants of human duodenal mucosa has been studied, using a stathmokinetic technique with crypt microdissection. The addition of hGH (0.004 IU/ml) to paired duodenal explants from eight patients significantly increased epithelial crypt cell proliferation (p < 0.