Routine cold storage leads to hyperacute graft loss in pig-to-primate kidney xenotransplantation; hypothermic machine perfusion may be preferred preservation modality in xenotransplantation.

Xenotransplantation (XTx) is an increasingly realistic solution to the organ shortage. Clinical XTx may require off-site procurement in a designated pathogen free (DPF) facility necessitating a period of cold ischemic time during transportation. This study evaluates the impact of different kidney preservation strategies on early graft function in pig-to-baboon XTx in a series of eight cases of pig-to-baboon xenotransplantation performed after five hours of cold ischemic time and compares these results to six cases of pig-to-baboon xenotransplantation performed with minimal ischemic time.

Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in Ulcerative colitis: real-world data on Therapeutic drug monitoring and evaluation of current treatment targets (STRIDE II).

Background: The benefit of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and implementation of recommendations from the Selection of Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD, STRIDE) are discussed in the IBD community. We report real-world data in ulcerative colitis patients receiving first-line tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment followed by TDM, and assess how implementation of the STRIDE II recommendations might affect clinical practice.

Methods: Adult, biologically naïve UC patients starting TNFi between 2014 and 2021 at Oslo University Hospital were included in a medical chart review study, and data were collected at three and twelve months after the start of treatment.

A simple automated assay format for measuring multiple immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved survival rates in oncology, but there is a rising concern for immune-related adverse health outcomes. Monitoring drug serum concentration would enable tailored dosing, however this strategy has not yet been evaluated for ICIs. Fully automated analyte capture assays with time-resolved fluorometry using protein A as tracer, were developed for three different ICIs; the cytotoxic T lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA4) inhibitor ipilimumab (Yervoy; Bristol-Myers Squibb) and the Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors nivolumab (Opdivo; Bristol-Myers Squibb) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda; Merck).

Assessing the Impact of Vaccination Status on Meningitis Risk Post Cochlear Implantation.

Objective: To better understand the protective benefit of pneumococcal vaccines on rates of meningitis after cochlear implantation.

Study Design: Retrospective large database review.

Setting: Several studies have shown that cochlear implantation increases the incidence of bacterial meningitis, mostly due to pneumococcal meningitis.

Predictors for noncompliant intravascular catheter insertion site dressings at a large academic center.

Using intravascular catheter dressing audit data, we evaluated factors associated with noncompliant dressing. Male sex and gauze dressing had a higher risk of noncompliant dressing; presence of one or more lumens infusing, central venous catheter, peripherally inserted central catheters line, implantable port and contact precautions were associated with a lower risk of noncompliant dressing.