Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hematopoietic Progenitors Are Unable to Downregulate Key Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Associated miRNAs.

Hematopoietic stem cells derived from pluripotent stem cells could be used as an alternative to bone marrow transplants. Deriving these has been a long-term goal for researchers. However, the success of these efforts has been limited with the cells produced able to engraft in the bone marrow of recipient animals only in very low numbers.

Depth-resolved local reflectance spectra measurements in full-field optical coherence tomography.

Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) is a widely used technique for applications such as biological imaging, optical metrology, and materials characterization, providing structural and spectral information. By spectral analysis of the backscattered light, the technique of spectroscopic-OCT enables the differentiation of structures having different spectral properties, but not the determination of their reflectance spectrum. For surface measurements, this can be achieved by applying a Fourier transform to the interferometric signals and using an accurate calibration of the optical system.

MicroRNA profiling associated with non-small cell lung cancer: next generation sequencing detection, experimental validation, and prognostic value.

Background: The average five-year survival for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is approximately 15%. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a new class of gene regulators in humans that may play an important role in tumorigenesis. Hence, there is growing interest in studying their role as possible new biomarkers whose expression is aberrant in cancer.

A Novel Role for miR-1305 in Regulation of Pluripotency-Differentiation Balance, Cell Cycle, and Apoptosis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are defined as pluripotent in view of their self-renewal ability and potential to differentiate to cells of all three germ layers. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the maintenance of pluripotency and cell cycle regulation. We used a microarray based approach to identify miRNAs that were enriched in hESCs when compared to differentiated cells and at the same time showed significant expression changes between different phases of cell cycle.

Integrated gene set analysis for microRNA studies.

Motivation: Functional interpretation of miRNA expression data is currently done in a three step procedure: select differentially expressed miRNAs, find their target genes, and carry out gene set overrepresentation analysis Nevertheless, major limitations of this approach have already been described at the gene level, while some newer arise in the miRNA scenario.Here, we propose an enhanced methodology that builds on the well-established gene set analysis paradigm. Evidence for differential expression at the miRNA level is transferred to a gene differential inhibition score which is easily interpretable in terms of gene sets or pathways.