A novel experimental in vivo model of cerebral immunomodulation induced by inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The genesis and appropriate treatment of neuroinflammation in various infectious and non-infectious disorders of the central nervous system is still a matter of debate. We introduce an alternative and simple experimental model for the investigation of the cellular inflammatory response to bacterial antigens by stereotactic intracerebral injection of heat-inactivated Staphylococcus epidermidis (HISE). HISE-injection resulted in well-circumscribed intraparenchymal deposits encompassed by an early micro- and astroglial response and a selective but sustained opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

[Learning curve in laparoscopic rectum surgery].

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has become increasingly more common since first being described in a publication in 1990. Despite a multitude of studies about the learning curve in laparoscopic colon surgery, there are almost no such studies with regard to laparoscopic rectum surgery. This paper aims to describe a surgeon's learning curve with regard to laparoscopic rectum surgery.

[Laparoscopic recovery continuity after the Hartmann procedure].

In the period from January 2003 to June 2009 923 complex laparoscopic colorectal procedures were performed by one surgeon. Data was as­sessed prospectively in a database including 152 variables. In 15 patients (10 f, 5 m), with a median age of 61 years (range: 35-83 years), discontinuity resection of the colon was performed including 3 patients with open discontinuity resection of the sigma and 12 patients with laparoscopic Hartmann procedures.