Assessing screw length impact on bone strain in proximal humerus fracture fixation via surrogate modelling.

A high failure rate is associated with fracture plates in proximal humerus fractures. The causes of failure remain unclear due to the complexity of the problem including the number and position of the screws, their length and orientation in the space. Finite element (FE) analysis has been used for the analysis of plating of proximal humeral fractures, but due to computational costs is unable to fully explore all potential screw combinations.

Co-exposure of microplastics and heavy metals in the marine environment and remediation techniques: a comprehensive review.

Microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals are significant pollutants in the marine environment, necessitating effective remediation strategies to prevent their release into the sea through sewage and industrial effluent. This comprehensive review explores the current understanding of the co-exposure of MPs and heavy metal-enriched MPs, highlighting the need for effective remediation methods. Various mechanisms, including surface ion complexation, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic forces, contribute to the adsorption of heavy metals onto MPs, with factors like surface area and environmental exposure duration playing crucial roles.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: maternal and fetal complications.

From an analysis of the data reported in the literature it is clear that pregnancy is a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection and that pregnant women with this pathology are exposed to dangerous risks which may influence maternal wellbeing and fetal prognosis. Authors do not concur on the specific risks to the mother and fetus, one reason being that the statistics reported to date reveal discrepancies relating to the presence of disorders prior to pregnancy and the environmental, working and socio-hygienic conditions of the populations studied. The apparently paradoxical finding of a higher incidence of perinatal problems in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria compared to manifest forms can be attributed to the fact that the latter are treated with adequate therapies whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria, which is difficult to diagnose, may persist throughout pregnancy.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Pregnancy is a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection and pregnant women suffering from this pathology are exposed to dangerous risks which may condition maternal wellbeing and fetal prognosis. The apparently paradoxal finding of a higher incidence of perinatal problems in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria compared to those with manifest infections may be explained by the fact that the latter are adequately treated, whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria, which is difficult to diagnose, may continue in a subtle form for the entire duration of pregnancy. This emphasises the importance of the early diagnosis of infection using a protocol based on urine tests and urine culture and the adequate treatment of all cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria in order to reduce the incidence of maternal and fetal complications (acute pyelonephritis, increased fetal morbidity and mortality).

[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHS): borderlines between physiology and pathology].

The use of gonadotropins in therapy has led to the appearance of a complication due to hyperstimulation, referred to as "syndrome due to ovarian hypertension" (SOH). There are three clinical stages of SOH: slight, moderate and severe, caused by a pathogenetic mechanism which is thought to involve the action of prostaglandins and the renin-angiotensin system leading to an alteration in capillary permeability with increased ovarian diameter. SOH can be prevented using a protocol to evaluate clinical conditions during therapy mainly based on hormone assays and echographic monitoring.