Immunomodulatory effects of HYCO-3, a dual action CO-releaser/Nrf2 activator.

HYCOs are hybrid molecules consisting of activators of the transcription factor Nrf2 conjugated to carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing moieties. These "dual action" compounds have been designed to mimic the activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress inducible cytoprotective enzyme that degrades heme to CO which expression is regulated by Nrf2. HYCOs have recently shown efficacy in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis.

Cytomorphological Features as a Subtyping Tool of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Brushing Bronchoscopic Samples.

Background And Objective: Nowadays, the separation of adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is crucial given that there are new specific targeted therapies. So, the aim of this study was to examine the differences in cytomorphological features between ADC and SCC in bronchoscopic brush samples.

Material And Methods: The retrospective study was conducted over a 3-year period at Western Balkan University Hospital.

Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Novel Bile Acid Derivative.

In the search for novel potent immunomodulatory nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators, a derivative of cholic bile acid, SB140, was synthesized. The synthesis of SB140 aimed to increase the electrophilic functionality of the compound, enhancing its ability to activate Nrf2. Effects of SB140 on microglial cells, myeloid-derived cells (MDC), and T cells were explored in the context of (central nervous system) CNS autoimmunity.

NRF2 Plays a Crucial Role in the Tolerogenic Effect of Ethyl Pyruvate on Dendritic Cells.

Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a redox-active compound that has been previously shown to be effective in restraining immune hyperactivity in animal models of various autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Importantly, EP has also been proven to have a potent tolerogenic effect on dendritic cells (DCs). Here, the influence of EP on the signaling pathways in DCs relevant for their tolerogenicity, including anti-inflammatory NRF2 and pro-inflammatory NF-κB, was explored.