Biophysics and electrophysiology of pulsed field ablation in normal and infarcted porcine cardiac ventricular tissue.

Pulsed Field Ablation (PFA) is a new ablation method being rapidly adopted for treatment of atrial fibrillation, which shows advantages in safety and efficiency over radiofrequency and cryo-ablation. In this study, we used an in vivo swine model (10 healthy and 5 with chronic myocardial infarct) for ventricular PFA, collecting intracardiac electrograms, electro-anatomical maps, native T1-weighted and late gadolinium enhancement MRI, gross pathology, and histology. We used 1000-1500 V pulses, with 1-16 pulse trains to vary PFA dose.

Analysis of magnetic resonance contrast agent entrapment following reversible electroporation .

Background: Administering gadolinium-based contrast agent before electroporation allows the contrast agent to enter the cells and enables MRI assessment of reversibly electroporated regions. The aim of this study was evaluation of contrast agent entrapment in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and comparison of these results with those determined by standard methods for assessing cell membrane permeability, cell membrane integrity and cell survival following electroporation.

Materials And Methods: Cell membrane permeabilization and cell membrane integrity experiments were performed using YO-PRO-1 dye and propidium iodide, respectively.

Changes in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Electroporation with Nano- and Microsecond Pulses.

With the introduction of nanosecond (ns) pulses, it was suggested that such pulses could be used to permeabilize intracellular membranes, including the mitochondrial membrane. The results presented thus far, however, are not conclusive. Interestingly, the effect of longer microsecond (μs) pulses on changes in mitochondria has never been investigated.

State-of-the-art pulsed field ablation for cardiac arrhythmias: ongoing evolution and future perspective.

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is an innovative approach in the field of cardiac electrophysiology aimed at treating cardiac arrhythmias. Unlike traditional catheter ablation energies, which use radiofrequency or cryothermal energy to create lesions in the heart, PFA utilizes pulsed electric fields to induce irreversible electroporation, leading to targeted tissue destruction. This state-of-the-art review summarizes biophysical principles and clinical applications of PFA, highlighting its potential advantages over conventional ablation methods.

The equivalence of different types of electric pulses for electrochemotherapy with cisplatin - an study.

Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a treatment involving the administration of chemotherapeutics drugs followed by the application of 8 square monopolar pulses of 100 μs duration at a repetition frequency of 1 Hz or 5000 Hz. However, there is increasing interest in using alternative types of pulses for ECT. The use of high-frequency short bipolar pulses has been shown to mitigate pain and muscle contractions.