Toward Understanding the Built-in Field in Perovskite Solar Cells through Layer-by-Layer Surface Photovoltage Measurements.

The built-in voltage () is a key parameter for solar cell operation, yet in perovskite solar cells the distribution, magnitude, and origin of the remains poorly understood. In this work, we systematically studied the in -type perovskite solar cells based on different hole transport layers (TLs). To this end, we determine the surface photovoltage (SPV) of partial and complete device stacks layer-by-layer by measuring the work function (WF) under dark and light (equivalent AM1.

[Hemophilia A in a male cat with intermittent lameness].

A 3-month-old domestic shorthair tomcat born on a farm was unsuccessfully treated with meloxicam for alternating lameness, fever and inappetence. On presentation, there was lameness (grade 2/4) of the right forelimb with mild swelling of the soft tissue. Rectal temperature was 39.

Revisiting Sub-Band Gap Emission Mechanism in 2D Halide Perovskites: The Role of Defect States.

Understanding the sub-band gap luminescence in Ruddlesden-Popper 2D metal halide hybrid perovskites (2D HaPs) is essential for efficient charge injection and collection in optoelectronic devices. Still, its origins are still under debate with respect to the role of self-trapped excitons or radiative recombination via defect states. In this study, we characterized charge separation, recombination, and transport in single crystals, exfoliated layers, and polycrystalline thin films of butylammonium lead iodide (BAPbI), one of the most prominent 2D HaPs.