Time-resolved diffraction with an optimized short pulse laser plasma X-ray source.

We present a setup for time-resolved X-ray diffraction based on a short pulse, laser-driven plasma X-ray source. The employed modular design provides high flexibility to adapt the setup to the specific requirements (e.g.

Intracellular Noise Level Determines Ratio Control Strategy Confined by Speed-Accuracy Trade-off.

Robust and precise ratio control of heterogeneous phenotypes within an isogenic population is an essential task, especially in the development and differentiation of a large number of cells such as bacteria, sensory receptors, and blood cells. However, the mechanisms of such ratio control are poorly understood. Here, we employ experimental and mathematical techniques to understand the combined effects of signal induction and gene expression stochasticity on phenotypic multimodality.

Modeling Gene Networks to Understand Multistability in Stem Cells.

Stem cells are unique in their ability to differentiate into diverse phenotypes capable of displaying radically different, yet stable, gene expression profiles. Understanding this multistable behavior is key to rationally influencing stem cell differentiation for both research and therapeutic purposes. To this end, mathematical paradigms have been adopted to simulate and explain the dynamics of complex gene networks.

Fluorescent Guide RNAs Facilitate Development of Layered Pol II-Driven CRISPR Circuits.

Efficient clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) guide RNA (gRNA) expression from RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) promoters will aid in construction of complex CRISPR-based synthetic gene networks. Yet, we require tools to properly visualize gRNA directly to quantitatively study the corresponding network behavior. To address this need, we employed a fluorescent gRNA (fgRNA) to visualize synthetic CRISPR network dynamics without affecting gRNA functionality.

An enhanced CRISPR repressor for targeted mammalian gene regulation.

The RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 can be converted into a programmable transcriptional repressor, but inefficiencies in target-gene silencing have limited its utility. Here we describe an improved Cas9 repressor based on the C-terminal fusion of a rationally designed bipartite repressor domain, KRAB-MeCP2, to nuclease-dead Cas9. We demonstrate the system's superiority in silencing coding and noncoding genes, simultaneously repressing a series of target genes, improving the results of single and dual guide RNA library screens, and enabling new architectures of synthetic genetic circuits.