Real-world comparison of the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab versus durvalumab in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease associated with high relapse rates and limited treatment options. Current standard of care treatment for extensive-stage disease includes combination chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are preferred first-line treatments in combination with chemotherapy with both atezolizumab and durvalumab being equivalent options.

Influence of Zinc Chloride Exposure on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Age-Hardened AZ91 Magnesium Alloy.

The AZ91 magnesium alloy was subjected to a complex treatment involving age hardening (supersaturation and artificial aging) and simultaneous surface layer modification. The specimens were supersaturated in contact with a mixture containing varying concentrations of zinc chloride, followed by cooling either in air or water. After supersaturation, the specimens were subjected to artificial aging and then air-cooled.

Mitochondrial DNA copy number associated dementia risk by somatic mutations and frailty.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to physical impairment and dementia. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) from blood may predict cognitive decline and dementia risk, but the effect of somatic mutations or frailty is unknown. We estimated mtDNAcn using fastMitoCalc and microheteroplasmies using mitoCaller, from Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data.

MRI-derived brain iron, grey matter volume, and risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease: Observational and genetic analysis in the UK Biobank cohort.

Background: Iron overload is observed in neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Homozygotes for the iron-overload (haemochromatosis) causing HFE p.C282Y variant have increased risk of dementia and PD.