2 in 1 Vectors Improve in Planta BiFC and FRET Analysis.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play vital roles in all subcellular processes, and a number of tools have been developed for their detection and analysis. Each method has its unique set of benefits and drawbacks that need to be considered prior application. In fact, researchers are spoilt for choice when it comes to deciding which method to use for the initial detection of a PPI and which to corroborate the findings.

Long-Term Outcome of the First Completely Leadless Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in the United States.

Completely leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy is feasible with the combination of Micra AV pacemaker (Medtronic Inc) and WiSE-CRT (EBR Inc) systems. Several reports have highlighted this combination in Europe. This case report presents a 1- year follow-up the first reported concomitant use of the leadless systems in the United States.

A tyrosine phospho-switch within the Longin domain of VAMP721 modulates SNARE functionality.

The final step in secretion is membrane fusion facilitated by SNARE proteins that reside in opposite membranes. The formation of a trans-SNARE complex between one R and three Q coiled-coiled SNARE domains drives the final approach of the membranes providing the mechanical energy for fusion. Biological control of this mechanism is exerted by additional domains within some SNAREs.

Looking for a safe haven: tail-anchored proteins and their membrane insertion pathways.

Insertion of membrane proteins into the lipid bilayer is a crucial step during their biosynthesis. Eukaryotic cells face many challenges in directing these proteins to their predestined target membrane. The hydrophobic signal peptide or transmembrane domain (TMD) of the nascent protein must be shielded from the aqueous cytosol and its target membrane identified followed by transport and insertion.

QT Prolongation After His Bundle Pacing: What Is the Mechanism?

An 82-year-old woman with nonischemic cardiomyopathy underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy by the use of His bundle pacing. After the procedure, the patient had repolarization abnormality with severely prolonged QTc and anterior inferior T-wave inversions, likely resulting from memory T waves associated with the correction of long-standing left bundle branch block. These changes could be potentially arrhythmogenic.