Graded pneumatic dilation in subtype I and II achalasia: long-term experience in a single center.

Background: The efficacy of pneumatic dilation (PD) in the management of achalasia has yielded variable results. The availability of high-resolution manometry led to the identification of 3 clinically relevant subtypes of achalasia, revealing the poor efficacy of PD in subtype III. Furthermore, PD showed a lower response rate in patients with subtype III compared to laparoscopic Heller myotomy and peroral endoscopic myotomy.

Chronic non-allergic rhinitis with neutrophils is associated with higher acid exposure time: A pH-impedance monitoring study.

Background & Aim: Chronic rhinitis, a diffuse disease with a prevalence of 40%, can be classified in allergic (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). Nasal cytology allows for the identification of different NAR sub-types according to the inflammatory cell infiltrate. NAR etiopathogenesis is not well clarified and, for NARNE (non-allergic rhinitis with neutrophils) subtype, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been suggested as one of the etiopathogenetic factors.

Echocolor Doppler morpho-functional study of the jugulo-subclavian confluence in chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis patients.

Objectives: The aim of this work is to measure the mean diameter of the confluence jugulo- subclavian, the impact of different types of jugular confluences and the correlation between the types of confluences and the Valsalva maneuver (jugular reflux) in subjects with Chronic Cerebro-Spinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) and Multiple Sclerosis.

Method: We investigated by Echo-Color-Doppler (ECD) 103 subjects (67 F 36M) of mean age 45 ± 12 years (a minimum of 22 to a maximum of 79 years, with a median of 44 and a modal value 42 years), mean EDSS of 4.7 and average disease duration of 12 years.

Why attempt en bloc resection of non-pedunculated colorectal adenomas? A systematic review of the prevalence of superficial submucosal invasive cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Objective: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) aims to achieve en bloc resection of non-pedunculated colorectal adenomas which might be indicated in cases with superficial submucosal invasive cancers (SMIC), but the procedure is time consuming and complex. The prevalence of such cancers is not known but may determine the clinical necessity for ESD as opposed to the commonly used piecemeal mucosal resection (endoscopic mucosal resection) of colorectal adenomas. The main aim was to assess the prevalence of SMIC SM1 (ie, invasion ≤1000 µm or less than one-third of the submucosa) on colorectal lesions removed by ESD.