Prenatal iodine supplementation and early childhood neurodevelopment: the PoppiE trial - study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Observational studies suggest both low and high iodine intakes in pregnancy are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. This raises concern that current universal iodine supplement recommendations for pregnant women in populations considered to be iodine sufficient may negatively impact child neurodevelopment. We aim to determine the effect of reducing iodine intake from supplements for women who have adequate iodine intake from food on the cognitive development of children at 24 months of age.

Change in Australian Vitamin A Intakes over Time.

Background: The mean intake of vitamin A of Australians aged 2 y and older was 300 µg retinol equivalents lower in the 2011-2012 national nutrition survey than in 1995 and decreases preponderated in adults rather than young children.

Objective: This aim of this study was to identify the foods associated with this change and to examine how the method used to adjust for within-person variability affects the estimated prevalence of inadequate intakes in both surveys.

Methods: Foods contributing to vitamin A intake were calculated from the first day of data.

Iodine status of Indigenous and non-Indigenous young adults in the Top End, before and after mandatory fortification.

Objective: To assess the median urine iodine concentration (UIC) of young adults in the Top End of Northern Territory, before and after fortification of bread with iodised salt became mandatory.

Design, Setting: Analysis of cross-sectional data from two longitudinal studies, the Aboriginal Birth Cohort and the non-Indigenous Top End Cohort, pre- (Indigenous participants: 2006-2007; non-Indigenous participants: 2007-2009) and post-fortification (2013-15).

Participants: Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian young adults (mean age: pre-fortification, 17.