In vitro enamel surface roughness analysis of 4 methods for removal of remaining orthodontic adhesive after bracket debonding.

Objectives: To perform an in vitro qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the enamel surface (by scanning electronic microscopy [SEM] and measuring polishing time and roughness analysis, respectively) among four methods to remove remaining orthodontic adhesive after bracket debonding.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one human premolars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the adhesive remnant removal method and one tooth was used as control: Group 1 (G1): Enhance (Dentsply, Milford, USA); Group 2 (G2): Fiberglass (TDV, Pomerode, Brazil); Group 3 (G3): DU10CA-Ortho (Dian Fong Industrial, Shenzhen, China); Group 4 (G4): Sof-Lex Pop-On (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). Roughness was measured before bonding and after complete removal of the remaining adhesive (Ra2).

Cardiac anesthesia: thirty years later--the second annual Arthur E. Weyman lecture.

Cardiac anesthesiology has evolved spectacularly over the past 30 yr, changing from a practice focused on the anesthetic management of patients with cardiovascular diseases to a practice of cardiovascular medicine that contributes to the medical and surgical management of cardiovascular patients. The second Weyman lecture reviews this history, the critical role of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists in the evolution of the specialty, and the prospects for continued development for the specialty, the society, and the patients they care for.

Enamel acid etching: a review.

Bonding to enamel has over 50 years of history. Efforts have been made to develop or introduce a simplified alternative, but enamel acid etching remains the most effective procedure for stable enamel bonding. Although acid etching is considered the most popular procedure in dentistry, there are characteristics that deserve special attention because of how crucial they can be in many clinical situations.

Neurologic and histologic outcome after intraneural injections of lidocaine in canine sciatic nerves.

Background: Inadvertent intraneural injection of local anesthetics may result in neurologic injury. We hypothesized that an intraneural injection may be associated with higher injection pressures and an increase in the risk of neurologic injury.

Methods: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of laboratory animal care, and was approved by the Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee.