Sequential evolution of resistance by western corn rootworm to multiple traits in transgenic maize.

Transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium (Bt) are grown worldwide to manage insect pests. Western corn rootworm is a serious pest of maize in the United States and is managed with Bt maize. In the United States, the commercial cultivation of a Bt crop requires an accompanying resistance-management strategy to delay the evolution of Bt resistance.

Referral patterns for undescended testis: A 7 year comparative analysis of primary care providers.

Introduction: Cryptorchidism, or undescended testis (UDT), is identified in 1% of boys by one year of age and carries long term risks of infertility and testicular neoplasia. In 2014, the American Urological Association (AUA) released a guideline statement stating that patients with UDT should be referred to a urologist by 6 months of age in order to facilitate timely surgical correction. This study is the follow-up to a 2010 study assessing referral patterns to our university center from primary care providers.

Development and validation of a tool to assess the readiness of a clinical teaching site for interprofessional education (InSITE).

Interprofessional education within clinical teaching sites is a key part of training for pre-professional students. However, the necessary characteristics of these interprofessional clinical teaching sites is unclear. We developed a tool, the Interprofessional Education Site Readiness, or InSITE, tool, for individuals at a site to use as a self-assessment of the site's current readiness for providing interprofessional education.

A Holistic Clustering Methodology for Liver Transplantation Survival.

Background: Liver transplants account for a high number of procedures with major investments from all stakeholders involved; however, limited studies address liver transplant population heterogeneity pretransplant predictive of posttransplant survival.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify novel and meaningful patient clusters predictive of mortality that explains the heterogeneity of liver transplant population, taking a holistic approach.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 344 adult patients who underwent liver transplantation between 2008 through 2014.

Predictors of Liver Transplant Patient Survival.

Objective: Liver transplantation is a costly and risky procedure, representing 25 050 procedures worldwide in 2013, with 6729 procedures performed in the United States in 2014. Considering the scarcity of organs and uncertainty regarding prognosis, limited studies address the variety of risk factors before transplantation that might contribute to predicting patient's survival and therefore developing better models that address a holistic view of transplant patients. This critical review aimed to identify predictors of liver transplant patient survival included in large-scale studies and assess the gap in risk factors from a holistic approach using the Wellbeing Model and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement.