Ventral hippocampus to nucleus accumbens shell circuit regulates approach decisions during motivational conflict.

Successful resolution of approach-avoidance conflict (AAC) is fundamentally important for survival, and its dysregulation is a hallmark of many neuropsychiatric disorders, and yet the underlying neural circuit mechanisms are not well elucidated. Converging human and animal research has implicated the anterior/ventral hippocampus (vHPC) as a key node in arbitrating AAC in a region-specific manner. In this study, we sought to target the vHPC CA1 projection pathway to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to delineate its contribution to AAC decision-making, particularly in the arbitration of learned reward and punishment signals, as well as innate signals.

Treatment Crossover Following Advanced Therapy for Overactive Bladder Syndrome.

Importance: Patients deciding between advanced therapies for overactive bladder syndrome may be interested to know the likelihood of treatment crossover after sacral neuromodulation, intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA, or percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation. Treatment crossover was defined as a switch from one advanced therapy to another.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of treatment crossover after each advanced therapy for nonneurogenic overactive bladder syndrome.

Purported Bladder Irritant Intake in Women With Urgency Urinary Incontinence.

Importance: Patients with urgency urinary incontinence are often recommended to avoid bladder irritants, but there is a lack of evidence for this.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare consumption of purported bladder irritants between women with and without urgency urinary incontinence.

Study Design: We performed a case-control study of nonpregnant females aged ≥20 years using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2020.

Individual and organizational factors associated with public health workforce competencies to advance health equity.

Little is known about how to develop public health workforce capacity for health equity work. We explored associations of individual and organizational characteristics of local public health departments (LHDs) with competencies essential for advancing health equity. Data included responses of 29,751 staff from 742 LHDs in 48 states to the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, plus LHD characteristics and county demographics.

Changes in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Activities of Family Medicine Departments.

Background And Objectives: Institutional racism causes worse health outcomes for patients of racial/ethnic minority groups via limited access to health care, disparities in quality of care delivered, and lack of physician diversity. Increased attention to racism in 2020 led many medical institutions to examine their diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts. In the context of increased national attention to health equity, this study sought to investigate the current status of DEI infrastructure by evaluating leadership and support related to DEI in family medicine departments in 2020 and 2021.