The Icarus effect: the influence of diluent warming on dantrolene sodium mixing time.

Prompt administration of intravenous (i.v.) dantrolene sodium (DS) is the primary determinant of successful treatment of malignant hyperthermia (MH) syndrome.

The effect of pH-adjusted 2-chloroprocaine on the duration and quality of pain relief with a subsequent continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion.

A randomized, double-blind true experimental design with a post-test only was chosen to determine if the addition of sodium bicarbonate to 2-chloroprocaine would result in a longer duration of epidural analgesia, as well as increase the quality of pain relief in stage I parturients receiving a continuous bupivacaine epidural infusion. The experimental group (number (N) = 16) received sodium bicarbonate and 2-chloroprocaine followed by a continuous bupivacaine epidural infusion. The control group (N = 15) received normal saline and 2-chloroprocaine followed by a continuous bupivacaine epidural infusion.