Serine Hydrolase-Catalyzed Polyol Lipids are Necessary for Rodlet Layer Formation on the Cell Wall of Entomopathogenic Fungi.

Some key secondary metabolism genes are important for driving the infection process of entomopathogenic fungi; however, their chemical substance basis has not been well investigated. Here, mixtures of polyol lipids are discovered, which are synthesized through iterative chain transfer-esterification-hydrolysis cycles catalyzed by serine hydrolase during the release of online highly reducing polyketide intermediates. Importantly, an gene knockout experiment revealed that the synthesis of polyol lipids is necessary for rodlet layer formation on the cell wall of .

Neuro-ophthalmologic Outcomes of Orbital Apex Syndrome Caused by Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis.

 Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is characterized by visual loss, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and orbital pain. This study aims to analyze neuro-ophthalmologic outcomes of OAS resulting from invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFS).  This retrospective study analyzed 25 patients diagnosed with OAS resulting from IFS between January 2018 and July 2022.

Avian influenza mRNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin provides complete protection against divergent H5N1 viruses in specific-pathogen-free chickens.

Background: The rapid mutation of avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant threat to both the poultry industry and public health. Herein, we have successfully developed an mRNA-LNPs candidate vaccine for H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy.

Results: In experiments on BALB/c mice, the vaccine candidate elicited strong humoral and a certain cellular immune responses and protected mice from the heterologous AIV challenge.

LG1 promotes preligule band formation through directly activating ZmPIN1 genes in maize.

Increasing plant density is an effective strategy for enhancing crop yield per unit land area. A key architectural trait for crops adapting to high planting density is smaller leaf angle (LA). Previous studies have demonstrated that LG1, a SQUAMOSA BINDING PROTEIN (SBP) transcription factor, plays a critical role in LA establishment.

Functional principal component analysis with informative observation times.

Functional principal component analysis has been shown to be invaluable for revealing variation modes of longitudinal outcomes, which serve as important building blocks for forecasting and model building. Decades of research have advanced methods for functional principal component analysis, often assuming independence between the observation times and longitudinal outcomes. Yet such assumptions are fragile in real-world settings where observation times may be driven by outcome-related processes.