Mechanical versus clinical data combination in selection and admissions decisions: a meta-analysis.

In employee selection and academic admission decisions, holistic (clinical) data combination methods continue to be relied upon and preferred by practitioners in our field. This meta-analysis examined and compared the relative predictive power of mechanical methods versus holistic methods in predicting multiple work (advancement, supervisory ratings of performance, and training performance) and academic (grade point average) criteria. There was consistent and substantial loss of validity when data were combined holistically-even by experts who are knowledgeable about the jobs and organizations in question-across multiple criteria in work and academic settings.

The social phobia and anxiety inventory: problem of underlying medical conditions.

The study investigated the possibility of score inflation in the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory due to underlying medical conditions in respondents. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders provides an exclusionary rule disallowing a diagnosis of social phobia when the fear is based on the presence of a medical condition. A computer-administered procedure, designed to simulate visually this paper-and-pencil inventory was created and compared to the original in a pilot study with r of .

Application patterns when applicants know the odds: implications for selection research and practice.

Unlike previous research that found small differences between population standard deviations and applicant pool standard deviations (P. R. Sackett & D.

Disgust as the source of false positive effects in the measurement of ophidiophobia.

Why many people who self-report high levels of fear on the Snake Anxiety Questionnaire (SNAQ; Klorman, Weerts, Hastings, Melamed, & Lang, 1974) do not show subsequent behavioral fear was investigated. Fear and disgust among 70 female under-graduates were assessed by self-report, behavioral ratings, and behavioral approach measures. The results suggest that the observed discordance occurs because the SNAQ is strongly confounded by the emotion of disgust.

Sex role orientation and fear.

Data from previous studies suggest that women report higher levels of fear than men do and that individuals who identify with the feminine sex role report higher levels of fear than do individuals who identify with the masculine sex role (Carey, Dusek, & Spector, 1988; Dillon, Wolf, & Katz, 1985). The relationship between sex role orientation and fear was investigated further in the present study, using self-report and behavioral measures. The female participants reported significantly higher levels of fear than did the male participants.