Retrospective Comparison of Early Versus Late Initiation of Long-Acting Insulin in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients in Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Objective: Determine whether early administration (EA) of long-acting insulin in pediatric diabetic -ketoacidosis (DKA) reduces time to acidosis resolution while maintaining safety when compared with late administration (LA).

Methods: This retrospective review compared EA (within 4 hours) to LA (4 to 24 hours) of long-acting insulin in DKA management in the pediatric intensive care unit between 2015 and 2022. Admissions were excluded for patients ≥18 years of age, without type 1 diabetes, with insufficient laboratory data, or who did not receive insulin glargine within 24 hours of starting treatment.

Corncob waste derived carbon with sulfonic acid group: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for production of ethyl levulinate as biodiesel additives.

Alkyl levulinate is a biomass-based chemical compound used as a fuel additive. This research aims to produce ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid and ethanol using esterification with the assistance of a heterogeneous sulfonated carbon catalyst. The carbon sulfonate catalyst is obtained from corncob waste that has undergone carbonization at 300 °C and sulfonation using sulfuric acid at a temperature of 150 °C for 8 h.

Study on triphase of polymorphs TiO (anatase/rutile/brookite) for boosting photocatalytic activity of metformin degradation.

The elution of pharmaceutical products such as metformin at higher concentrations than the safe level in aquatic systems is a serious threat to human health and the ecosystem. Photocatalytic technology using TiO semiconductors potentially fixes this problem. This study aims to synthesize triphasic anatase-rutile-brookite TiO using ultrasound assisted sol-gel technique in the presence of acid and its application to photodegradation of metformin under UV light irradiation.

The Influence of Polyvinyl Alcohol Porogen Addition on the Nanostructural Characteristics of Hydroxyapatite.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a porous material widely developed in various research fields because of its high biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. In this research, HA was synthesized using a hydrothermal method with chicken eggshells as a calcium source and various concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol as a porogen (2.5%, 5.