Exploration of defined 2-dimensional working electrode shapes through additive manufacturing.

In this work, the electrochemical response of different morphologies (shapes) and dimensions of additively manufactured (3D-printing) carbon black (CB)/poly-lactic acid (PLA) electrodes are reported. The working electrodes (WE) are printed using standard non-conductive PLA based filament for the housing and commercial Protopasta (carbon black/PLA) filament for the electrode and connection parts. Discs, squares, equilateral triangles and six-point stars with varying working electrode (WE) widths from 2 to 10 mm are evaluated herein towards the well-known near-ideal outer sphere redox probe hexaamineruthenium(III) chloride (RuHex).

Disposable non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors based on screen-printed graphite macroelectrodes modified via a facile methodology with Ni, Cu, and Ni/Cu hydroxides are shown to accurately determine glucose in real human serum blood samples.

A three dimensional (3D) non-enzymatic glucose disposable electrochemical sensor based on screen-printed graphite macroelectrodes (SPEs), modified with nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)/SPE), copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)/SPE) and mixed (Ni(OH)/Cu(OH)/SPE) microstructures were prepared by a facile and cost-effective electrochemical method for the first time. Their morphologies and structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical performances of the modified SPEs were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and amperometric measurements.

Correction: Imaging the reactivity and width of graphene's boundary region.

Correction for 'Imaging the reactivity and width of graphene's boundary region' by Huda S. AlSalem et al., Chem.

Electrochemical properties of vertically aligned graphenes: tailoring heterogeneous electron transfer through manipulation of the carbon microstructure.

The electrochemical response of different morphologies (microstructures) of vertically aligned graphene (VG) configurations is reported. Electrochemical properties are analysed using the outer-sphere redox probes Ru(NH) (RuHex) and ,,','-tetramethyl--phenylenediamine (TMPD), with performances de-convoluted accompanying physicochemical characterisation (Raman, TEM, SEM, AFM and XPS). The VG electrodes are fabricated using an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapour deposition (ECR-CVD) methodology, creating vertical graphene with a range of differing heights, spacing and edge plane like-sites/defects (supported upon underlying SiO/Si).

Imaging the reactivity and width of graphene's boundary region.

The reactivity of graphene at its boundary region has been imaged using non-linear spectroscopy to address the controversy whether the terraces of graphene or its edges are more reactive. Graphene was functionalised with phenyl groups, and we subsequently scanned our vibrational sum-frequency generation setup from the functionalised graphene terraces across the edges. A greater phenyl signal is clearly observed at the edges, showing evidence of increased reactivity in the boundary region.