Simulation of carbon dioxide mineralization and its effect on fault leakage rates in the South Georgia rift basin, southeastern U.S.

Over the past few decades, measured levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide have substantially increased. One of the ways to limit the adverse impacts of increased carbon dioxide concentrations is to capture and store it inside Earth's subsurface, a process known as CO sequestration. The success of this method is critically dependent on the ability to confine injected CO for up to thousands of years.

Heavy Physics Contributions to Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay from QCD.

Observation of neutrinoless double beta decay, a lepton number violating process that has been proposed to clarify the nature of neutrino masses, has spawned an enormous world-wide experimental effort. Relating nuclear decay rates to high-energy, beyond the standard model (BSM) physics requires detailed knowledge of nonperturbative QCD effects. Using lattice QCD, we compute the necessary matrix elements of short-range operators, which arise due to heavy BSM mediators, that contribute to this decay via the leading order π^{-}→π^{+} exchange diagrams.

A per-cent-level determination of the nucleon axial coupling from quantum chromodynamics.

The axial coupling of the nucleon, g, is the strength of its coupling to the weak axial current of the standard model of particle physics, in much the same way as the electric charge is the strength of the coupling to the electromagnetic current. This axial coupling dictates the rate at which neutrons decay to protons, the strength of the attractive long-range force between nucleons and other features of nuclear physics. Precision tests of the standard model in nuclear environments require a quantitative understanding of nuclear physics that is rooted in quantum chromodynamics, a pillar of the standard model.

Surface plasmon resonance modulation in nanopatterned Au gratings by the insulator-metal transition in vanadium dioxide films.

Correlated experimental and simulation studies on the modulation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) in Au/VO2 bilayers are presented. The modification of the SPP wave vector by the thermally-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition (IMT) in VO2 was investigated by measuring the optical reflectivity of the sample. Reflectivity changes are observed for VO2 when transitioning between the insulating and metallic states, enabling modulation of the SPP in the Au layer by the thermally induced IMT in the VO2 layer.

Integrating HIV prevention in reproductive health settings.

Context: This article describes results of a process evaluation of a cooperative agreement between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Reproductive Health and 10 regional training centers to increase the number of reproductive health (RH) settings that integrate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention services at an appropriate level into routine care.

Objective: Our goal was to learn about the process of integrating HIV prevention into RH settings.

Design: We conducted a retrospective evaluation, using qualitative methods.