Multimodal Measurement of Pubertal Development: Stage, Timing, Tempo, and Hormones.

Using data from the Human Connectome Project in Development (N = 1304; ages 5-21 years; 50% male; 59% White, 17% Hispanic, 13% Black, 9% Asian), multiple measures (self-report, salivary hormones) and research designs (longitudinal, cross-sectional) were used to characterize age-related changes and sex differences in pubertal development. Both sexes exhibit a sigmoid trajectory of pubertal development; females show earlier pubertal timing and increased tempo ~9-13 years, while males show greater tempo ~14-18 years. All hormones increased with age, with sex differences in testosterone and DHEA levels and in testosterone rates of change.

Experimental Pain Sensitivity and Parental Pain Catastrophizing.

Background/objectives: Variability in biopsychosocial factors can explain the interindividual variability in pain. One factor that can impact pain is the pain catastrophizing level. Interestingly, parental pain catastrophizing is related to the severity of the clinical pain of their children.

Exploring the Experience of Loneliness among People Living with Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study.

Background: People living with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder are at heightened risk for experiencing loneliness, which is associated with negative health, quality of life, and symptom-specific outcomes.

Aims: This study aimed to better understand the experience of loneliness among adults living with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Methods: Using a semi-structured interview guide, researchers interviewed twelve participants living with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Higher amplitudes of visual networks are associated with trait- but not state-depression.

Despite depression being a leading cause of global disability, neuroimaging studies have struggled to identify replicable neural correlates of depression or explain limited variance. This challenge may, in part, stem from the intertwined state (current symptoms; variable) and trait (general propensity; stable) experiences of depression.Here, we sought to disentangle state from trait experiences of depression by leveraging a longitudinal cohort and stratifying individuals into four groups: those in remission ('trait depression group'), those with large longitudinal severity changes in depression symptomatology ('state depression group'), and their respective matched control groups (total analytic = 1030).

Youth Generalized Anxiety and Brain Activation States During Socioemotional Processing.

Importance: The brain enters distinct activation states to support differential cognitive and emotional processes, but little is known about how brain activation states differ in youths with clinical anxiety.

Objective: To characterize brain activation states during socioemotional processing (movie stimuli) and assess associations between state characteristics and movie features and anxiety symptoms.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Healthy Brain Network is an ongoing cross-sectional study of individuals aged 5 to 21 years experiencing difficulties in school, of whom approximately 45% met criteria for a lifetime anxiety disorder diagnosis.