Sustained self-regulation of energy intake: initial hunger improves insulin sensitivity.

Background. Excessive energy intake has been implicated in diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and obesity. Dietary restraint has been unsuccessful as a method for the self-regulation of eating.

Eating when empty is good for your health.

It is hypothesised that eating is regulated when eating pleasure fulfills (and thus extinguishes) the desire to eat and that eating pleasure is maximised when eating is prompted by an Empty Hollow Sensation (EHS). Absent, unrecognised, misinterpreted or false hunger sensations may account for non-regulated eating in many so-called normal eaters, not only in anorexic or obese people. As a regime in which the EHS is present before most meals, the EHS Meal Pattern (EHSMP) is suggested.

Sustained self-regulation of energy intake. Loss of weight in overweight subjects. Maintenance of weight in normal-weight subjects.

Background: Dietary restraint is largely unsuccessful for controlling obesity. As an alternative, subjects can easily be trained to reliably recognize sensations of initial hunger (IH) a set of physiological sensations which emerge spontaneously, not necessarily at planned mealtimes, and may be the afferent arm of a homeostatic system of food intake regulation. Previously we have reported that IH is associated with blood glucose concentration (BG) below 81.