The megaplasmid pCER270 of emetic strain affects the timing of the sporulation process, spore resistance properties, and germination.

Unlabelled: The group includes closely related spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria. In this group, plasmids play a crucial role in species differentiation and are essential for pathogenesis and adaptation to ecological niches. The emetic strains are characterized by the presence of the pCER270 megaplasmid, which encodes the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase for the production of cereulide, the emetic toxin.

The quorum-sensing peptidic inhibitor rescues host immune system eradication: A novel infectivity mechanism.

Subverting the host immune system is a major task for any given pathogen to assure its survival and proliferation. For the opportunistic human pathogen (Bc), immune evasion enables the establishment of potent infections. In various species of the Bc group, the pleiotropic regulator PlcR and its cognate cell-cell signaling peptide PapR regulate virulence gene expression in response to fluctuations in population density, i.

Plasmid - Chromosome interplay in natural and non-natural hosts: global transcription study of three Bacillus cereus group strains carrying pCER270 plasmid.

The Bacillus cereus group comprises genetically related Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria that colonize a wide range of ecological niches and hosts. Despite their high degree of genome conservation, extrachromosomal genetic material diverges between these species. The discriminating properties of the B.

A Sporulation-Independent Way of Life for Bacillus thuringiensis in the Late Stages of an Infection.

The formation of endospores has been considered the unique survival and transmission mode of sporulating due to the exceptional resistance and persistence of this bacterial form. However, nonsporulated bacteria (Spo) were reported at the early stages following the death of a host infected with Bacillus thuringiensis, an entomopathogenic sporulating bacterium. Here, we investigated the characteristics of the bacterial population in the late stages of an infection in the B.

Key amino acids residues enhance the ability of CpcR to activate cry gene expression in Bacillus thuringiensis.

Typical Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces one or more parasporal crystals composed of insecticidal Cry proteins during the sporulation, and the parasporal crystals and spores are produced from the same cell. Strain Bt LM1212 is different from typical Bt strains in that its crystals and spores are produced in different cells. Previous studies have found that the cell differentiation process of Bt LM1212 is related to the transcription factor CpcR which activates the cry-gene promoters.