Energy Deficiency During Cold Weather Mountain Training in NSW SEAL Qualification Students.

Special operation forces participating in mountain warfare/cold weather (MWCW) training have higher energy demands, but adequate fueling is difficult to achieve. The purpose of the study was to determine energy expenditure relative to energy intake and examine fueling patterns during 3 days of MWCW training in Naval Special Warfare Sea, Air, Land (SEAL) Qualification Training (SQT) students. Ten SQT students (age: 23.

Military personnel with self-reported ankle injuries do not demonstrate deficits in dynamic postural stability or landing kinematics.

Background: The odds of sustaining non-contact musculoskeletal injuries are higher in Special Operations Forces operators than in infantry soldiers. The ankle is one of the most commonly injured joints, and once injured can put individuals at risk for reinjury. The purpose of this study was to determine if any differences in postural stability and landing kinematics exist between operators with a self-reported ankle injury in the past one year and uninjured controls.

Biomechanical insights into the aetiology of infraspinatus syndrome.

Objective: Infraspinatus syndrome (IS) results from injury to the suprascapular nerve. For reasons that are poorly understood, volleyball players are at greater risk of developing IS than are athletes who compete in other overhead sports. Differences between the shoulder kinematics of volleyball-related overhead skills and those skills demanded by other overhead sports might explain the pronounced prevalence of IS among volleyball athletes.

Exercise engagement is differentially motivated by age-dependent factors.

Objectives: To examine exercise engagement motives from adolescence throughout the adult life span using the Exercise Motivation Inventory 2 questionnaire.

Methods: Two hundred fifty-five (255) participants, 13 - 84 years and equally representing both genders, were grouped by age and sex.

Results: An age-dependent engagement in voluntary exercise was observed.

Water relations of coastal and estuarine Rhizophora mangle: xylem pressure potential and dynamics of embolism formation and repair.

Physiological traits related to water transport were studied in Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) growing in coastal and estuarine sites in Hawaii. The magnitude of xylem pressure potential (P ), the vulnerability of xylem to cavitation, the frequency of embolized vessels in situ, and the capacity of R. mangle to repair embolized vessels were evaluated with conventional and recently developed techniques.