Implementation Determinants of PrEP and Behavioral Health Treatment Referral among HIV Test Counselors.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an effective biomedical prevention intervention, is not sufficiently reaching populations experiencing high HIV incidence. Behavioral health (BH) treatment addressing mental health and substance use similarly requires increased reach to HIV-affected populations. HIV testing is an opportunity to refer individuals to PrEP and BH treatment.

Impact of dairy calf management practices on the intestinal tract microbiome pre-weaning.

Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) consisting of the rumen and hindgut (the small intestine, cecum and colon) in dairy calves play a vital role in their growth and development. This review discusses the development of dairy calf intestinal microbiomes with an emphasis on the impact that husbandry and rearing management have on microbiome development, health and growth of pre-weaned dairy calves. The diversity and composition of the microbes that colonize the lower GIT (small and large intestine) can have a significant impact on the growth and development of the calf, through influence on nutrient metabolism, immune modulation, resistance or susceptibility to infection, production outputs and behaviour modification in adult life.

Skeletal progenitor LRP1 deficiency causes severe and persistent skeletal defects with Wnt pathway dysregulation.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor whose dysfunction is linked to developmental dysplasia of the hip, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Our work addresses the critical question of how these skeletal pathologies emerge. Here, we show the abundant expression of LRP1 in skeletal progenitor cells at mouse embryonic stage E10.

Gastrointestinal Bile Salt Concentrations in Healthy Adults Under Fasted and Fed Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Mechanistic Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modelling.

Bile salts are biosurfactants released into the intestinal lumen which play an important role in the solubilisation of fats and certain drugs. Their concentrations vary along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This is significant for implementation in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to mechanistically capture drug absorption.

Baseline Drug Clearance Predicts Outcomes in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Vedolizumab: Results From the VedoKids Prospective Multicentre Study.

Background: The pharmacokinetics of biologic agents can differ between children and adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), often necessitating modified paediatric dosing strategies.

Aims: To define the exposure-response relationship of vedolizumab in the paediatric IBD VedoKids cohort including the effect of baseline clearance on deep biochemical remission (normal C-reactive protein [CRP]/erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and steroid-free remission) at 30 weeks, and to use population pharmacokinetic models to find the best matches between adult and paediatric pharmacokinetic profiles.

Methods: We sought a pharmacokinetic model on 312 serum vedolizumab concentrations from 129 children, assisted by a published adult model as a Bayesian prior.