Accessory Flexor Digitorum Longus Presenting as Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: A Case Series.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) typically occurs from extrinsic or intrinsic sources of compression on the tibial nerve. We present 3 cases of patients, all of whom have a prolonged time to diagnosis after evaluation with multiple specialties, with foot pain ultimately secondary to an accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle causing TTS. The literature describing the association between TTS and accessory musculature has been limited to single case reports and frequently demonstrate abnormal electrodiagnostic testing.

Can Carpal Tunnel Syndrome be Appropriately Diagnosed in a Cold Hand?

Introduction: The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with nerve conduction studies traditionally involves warming the hand to avoid misleading prolongation of distal latency (DL). Comparing the median nerve DL to the ulnar and radial nerves using the combined sensory index (CSI) has been reported to improve the accuracy of CTS diagnosis. During this study, the authors examined the effect of hand temperature on the CSI and diagnosis of CTS.

An Additional Electrodiagnostic Tool for Ulnar Neuropathy: Mixed across the Elbow.

 Diagnosing ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) remains challenging despite guidelines from national organizations. Motor testing of hand intrinsic muscles remains a common diagnostic method fraught with challenges.  The aim of the study is to demonstrate utility of an uncommon nerve conduction study (NCS), mixed across the elbow, when diagnosing UNE.

Emotional Reactivity as a Vulnerability for Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures? Responses While Reliving Specific Emotions.

Objective: Dysfunction in emotional processes is a hypothesized contributor to functional neurological disorders (FNDs), yet few studies have evoked real-time emotion during multimethod assessment incorporating subjective, behavioral, and psychophysiological indicators. This approach may reveal clinical and neurobiological vulnerability to FND and clarify how dysfunctional emotional processes serve as perpetuating factors.

Methods: Eleven participants with video-EEG-confirmed diagnoses of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) were compared with 49 seizure-free trauma control subjects (TCs) with or without clinically elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (25 clinically elevated [TC-clin], 24 not clinically elevated [TC-nonclin]).

Assessing the Lead Solubility Potential of Untreated Groundwater of the United States.

In the U.S., about 44 million people rely on self-supplied groundwater for drinking water.