The association of childhood HDL cholesterol with atherosclerotic CVD events in adults: findings from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium.

Aims: The role of adult HDL-C in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) faces challenges from Mendelian randomisations and drug trials. However, the association between childhood HDL-C and its changes and adult ASCVD remains undefined. This study aimed to determine this association.

Chronic Inflammatory-Related Disease and Cardiovascular Disease in MESA.

Background: Inflammation plays a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We defined various noncardiovascular and noncancer conditions, both infectious and noninfectious, with a common basis of inflammation, collectively termed chronic inflammatory-related disease (ChrIRD). We describe ChrIRD and its interplay with CVD during follow-up in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Race- and Sex-Specific Age at Which Coronary Artery Calcium Becomes Detectable Among Young Adults.

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is an excellent predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Limited data exist on the age at which CAC transitions to nonzero among young adults. We aimed to assess the prevalence of CAC by the number of ASCVD risk factors and use this data to model the race- and sex-specific ages at which young adults transition to a CAC >0.

Gait stability in virtual reality: effects of VR display modality in the presence of visual perturbations.

Purpose: Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a pivotal tool for studying balance and postural control mechanisms, leveraging unpredictable visual disturbances that dynamically challenge visuomotor processing. However, the quantity and quality of information available in the visual field may differ between VR systems, potentially introducing conflict with the intended perturbation inputs. Consequently, the extent to which a VR system used in a visual perturbation paradigm influences its ability to elicit compensatory gait behaviors remains unclear.