Therapeutic Responses to Two New SN-38 Derivatives in Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts and Respective 3D Cultures.

Background/aim: SN-38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, exhibits toxicity to all proliferating cells, causing dose-limiting and potentially life-threatening side effects. Newly established water-soluble derivatives of SN-38, 7-ethyl-9-(N-morpholinyl)methyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (BN-MOA) and 7-ethyl-9-(N-methylamino)methyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (BN-NMe), exhibit a unique mechanism of spontaneous alkylation of aromatic bases in DNA and show greater in vitro activity on cancer cell lines than SN-38. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic responses to irinotecan, BN-MOA and BN-NMe in vivo and in vitro in 3D cultures using colorectal cancer (CRC) patient derived xenografts (PDX).

Regulatory framework for genetically modified organisms in the Kingdom of Eswatini.

The Kingdom of Eswatini is a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity and to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. As Party, Eswatini has domesticated these agreements by passing the Biosafety Act, of 2012 to provide for the safe handling, transfer, and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) in the country. The Act regulates living modified organisms to be used for confined field trials, commercial release, import, export, and transit, and for food, feed, and processing.

High-dose cervical mobilization to improve central sensitization for a patient with post-fusion neck pain.

Background: Few studies have addressed the appropriate joint mobilization dosage for neck pain. Furthermore, the efficacy of manual therapy in patients with post-spinal fusion neck pain is unreported.

Case Description: A 63-year-old man with a 2-year history of unresolved neck pain post-cervical fusion presented to therapy with an exacerbation of neck and left-shoulder pain.

Use of orthopedic manual physical therapy to manage chronic orofacial pain and tension-type headache in an adolescent.

Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is frequently associated with multiple headache types. While the efficacy of orthopedic manual physical therapy (OMPT) intervention for TMD with/without headache symptoms has been investigated, it has received less attention than other musculoskeletal conditions. This case describes the OMPT treatment and outcome of a 14 year-old female with a 2-year history of facial pain surrounding the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and bilateral occipital and temporal tension-type headaches (TTHs).

Preoperative mapping of fistula-in-ano: a new three-dimensional MRI-based modelling technique.

Aim: We aimed to develop an intuitive, interactive, three-dimensional (3D) MRI modelling technique to produce a 3D image of fistula-in-ano.

Method: The 3D model was created from standard two-dimensional (2D) MRI sequences to produce an image that is anatomically correct. Individual muscle and soft-tissue layers were extracted from T1-weighted sequences and fistula pathology from short TI inversion recovery (STIR) sequences, to produce two separate volumes.