Removal of ibuprofen, naproxen and 17-β-estradiol in water using constructed wetlands.

This study was developed to evaluate the removal potential of ibuprofen, naproxen and 17-β-estradiol in artificial wetlands constructed on a laboratory scale, using eight experimental devices planted with species, tested with gravel substrate and without gravel substrate, which were fortified with synthetic mixtures at concentrations of 1, 2 and 5 mg/L of the three compounds, during a batch exposure time of nine days. The removal efficiency for 17-β-estradiol was 94.5 ± 2.