Predictors of Renal Dysfunction in Adults with Childhood Vesicoureteral Reflux after Long-Term Follow-Up.

Background: Triad of childhood vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), urinary infection (UTI) and renal scarring might initiate potentially serious consequences that lead to renal dysfunction manifested at the second or third decade of life.

Aim: To identify the risk factors predictive for renal dysfunction in adults with primary VUR after long-term follow-up.

Methods: We evaluated the records of 101 children (94.

Voiding Urosonography with Second-Generation Ultrasound Contrast Agent for Diagnosis of Vesicoureteric Reflux: First Local Pilot Study.

Background: Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is an important association of paediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) found in 30-50% of all children presenting with first UTI. Contrast-enhanced voiding ultrasonography (ceVUS) has become an important radiation-free method for VUR detection in children. Its sensitivity in detecting VUR has greatly improved due to the development of the contrast-specific ultrasound techniques and the introduction of the second-generation ultrasound contrast agent, superseding the diagnostic accuracy of standard radiological procedures.

Vesicoureteral Reflux Detected with (99m)Tc-DTPA Renal Scintigraphy during Evaluation of Renal Function.

Background: Radionuclide techniques, as direct radionuclide cystography and (99m)Tc-DMSA scintigraphy, have been used in evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy (RN) in children. Dynamic (99m)Tc-DTPA scintigraphy is reserved for evaluation of differential renal function and obstruction in children, where hydronephrosis is detected by ultrasonography (US) pre- or postnatally.

Case Report: Six year old boy was prenatally diagnosed with bilateral hydronephrosis.

The carrier rate and spectrum of MEFV gene mutations in central and southeastern European populations.

Objectives: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by mutations in MEFV gene. Eastern Mediterranean populations have the highest number of carriers, whereas western Mediterranean populations are less frequently affected. The aim of this study was to determine the carrier rate and spectrum of MEFV gene mutations in apparently healthy populations and in suspected FMF patients from central and southeastern European (CSEE) countries.