Appearance and differentiation of NADPH-d-positive neurons in rat prefrontal cortex following exposure to retinoic acid.

Retinoic acid (RA) is a biologically active form of vitamin A. Teratogenicity has been observed in pregnant mammals exposed to high doses of vitamin A. We investigated the distribution of nitrergic neurons in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) at developmental stages 7 days to young adulthood under physiological conditions and after prenatal application of all trans-RA.

Response of distant regions affected by diaschisis commissuralis in one of the most common models of transient focal ischemia in rats.

Stroke induces widespread changes in the brain. In this paper, we monitored some markers of early (2 h) and delayed events (1, 3 and 7 days of reperfusion) initiated by middle cerebral artery occlusion in core/penumbra counterparts of the non-ischemic hemisphere (i.e.

Three-dimensional CAD/CAM imaging of the maxillary sinus in ageing process.

Objectives: During the physiological ageing process atrophy of the alveolar bone appears in vertical direction. This bone resorption causes pushing the limits of the maxillary sinus at the expense of a degraded bone. The sinus volume increases due to the facial development in children and adolescents or during the ageing process due to the loss of teeth and bone mass.

Unilateral occurrence of five different thyroid arteries-a need of terminological systematization: a case report.

This article highlights an unusual and unilateral variation in the blood supply to the inferior portion of the thyroid gland observed on the right lobe during anatomy dissection course. The rare variation of the occurrence of two anomalous arteries: the middle thyroid artery and the aberrant accessory inferior thyroid artery, and one uncommon variant, the thyroid ima artery, was detected in an adult female cadaver. The two generally constant arteries, the superior thyroid artery and the inferior thyroid artery, have been found in their usual anatomical location.

Vitamin A and amygdala: functional and morphological consequences.

Intake of vitamin A is essential for correct embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS). Its increased intake during gravidity can cause various malformations and dysfunctions of the CNS. In our work, we intended to investigate the effect of vitamin A on emotional behavior and morphology of nitrergic neurons in basolateral nucleus of the rat amygdala.