Combination Superficial Peels With Salicylic Acid and Post-Peel Retinoids.

Background: Salicylic acid (SA) and retinoids, tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid [ATRA]), and retinol (all-trans retinol) are widely used as topical agents for the improvement of photodamage and acne vulgaris. They can be used in daily take-home products or as part of an in-office procedure, combining the benefits of a keratolytic (SA) and a retinoid.

Objective: The objective of this research was to compare the efficacy for ameliorating photodamage of topical tretinoin (0.

The logic of psychoanalytic interpretation.

The importance and difficulty of validating psychoanalytic interpretations at the time they are made led the author to propose an existential hypothesis method, which involves formulating fundamental psychoanalytic theories as existential hypotheses (i.e., hypotheses that claim the theories are true at least for one case but not necessarily for all) and using a form of deductive reasoning (disjunctive syllogism) to validate interpretations.

Intense pulsed light treatment of photoaged facial skin.

Background: It has been reported that intense pulsed light is efficacious for rejuvenation of photoaged skin, specifically the improvement of appearance of telangiectases and solar lentigines.

Objective: The objective was to define the treatment variables for photodamaged facial skin using a newer intense pulsed light system.

Methods: Twenty-three female subjects received three treatments using double-stacked pulses with fluences of 24 and 30 J/cm2.