Changes in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management and Outcomes in Infants Born at 26-28 Weeks' Gestation.

Objective: To investigate the association between the secular decrease in treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and trends in neonatal mortality and morbidity in infants born at 26 0/7-28 6/7 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study including infants born between 2012 and 2021 in continually participating hospitals in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. The primary composite outcome was defined as surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, grade 2-3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, or death.

Outcomes of infants with birthweights less than 501 g compared to infants weighing 501-750 g at a center utilizing first intention high frequency jet ventilation.

Background: Data on clinical outcomes of infants with birthweights less than 501 g (ELBW) are limited.

Objective: To evaluate management strategies and clinical outcomes of ELBWinfants compared to infants weighing 501-750 g (ELBW).

Methods: A retrospective study of all ELBW and ELBW infants born between 2012 and 2022 at a center utilizing first intention high frequency jet ventilation was performed.

Respiratory Severity Score and Oxygen Saturation Index during the First 2 Hours of Life as Predictors for Noninvasive Respiratory Support Failure in Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objective:  Noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) failure is common in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We evaluated the utility of respiratory severity score (RSS) and oxygen saturation index (OSI) during the first 2 hours of life (HOL) as predictors for NRS failure in moderate preterm infants.

Study Design:  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants born between 28 and 33 weeks with RDS.

A practical gestational age-based algorithm for timely detection of hypothyroidism in premature infants.

Objectives: To assess utility and accuracy of a gestational age-based screening targeting premature infants to detect congenital hypothyroidism.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted in infants <35 weeks' gestational age with clinical outcomes at 2-3 years of age. Patients received newborn screenings at 24 hours and 10-14 days of life.

High vs low CPAP strategy with aerosolized calfactant in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Optimal CPAP strategy to prevent CPAP failure defined as need for endotracheal intubation is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of CPAP failure in infants treated with high vs low CPAP strategy while receiving aerosolized calfactant in the AERO-02 clinical trial and AERO-03 expanded access program.

Methods: Infants born between 29 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks were included.