Pathways from violence exposure to medication non-adherence: exploration of mental health symptoms and coping in people living with HIV in the U.S. South.

In the current study, we examine associations between exposure to violence and antiretroviral medication adherence in persons with HIV (PWH) in a southern city in the United States. We include investigation of a variety of violence exposures including childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, witnessing family violence, lifetime violence exposures and current stress related to violence experiences, as well as neighborhood violence exposure. We examined associations between violence exposures and adherence and mediational pathways between these variables including mental health symptoms - specifically depressive, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms - as well as coping strategies.

From moral exemplar to underperformer? The double-edged sword of ethical leadership for leader in-role and extra-role performance.

Given the overall positive influence ethical leaders have on their followers' performance, the literature has largely assumed that ethical leadership also facilitates the performance of leaders themselves. We challenge this assumption by adopting a within-person perspective to reveal more nuanced relationships between distinct forms of daily ethical leadership and daily leader performance. Building on the affect theory of social exchange (Lawler, 2001), we develop a theoretical model that examines the diverging effects of daily promotion- and prevention-focused ethical leadership on daily leader performance through the reciprocal influence of followers' affective reactions.

Non-invasive point-of-care optical technique for continuous in vivo assessment of microcirculatory function: Application to a preclinical model of early sepsis.

Increased amplitude of peripheral vasomotion is a potential early marker of sepsis-related microcirculatory impairment; however, previous reports relied on clinically unsuitable invasive techniques. Hyperspectral near-infrared spectroscopy (hsNIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) are non-invasive, bedside techniques that can be paired to continuously monitor tissue hemoglobin content (HbT), oxygenation (StO), and perfusion (rBF) to detect vasomotion as low-frequency microhemodynamic oscillations. While previous studies have primarily focused on the peripheral microcirculation, cerebral injury is also a common occurrence in sepsis and hsNIRS-DCS could be used to assess cerebral microcirculatory function.