Associations of prenatal urinary melamine, melamine analogues, and aromatic amines with gestational duration and fetal growth in the ECHO Cohort.

Melamine, its analogues, and aromatic amines (AAs) were commonly detected in a previous study of pregnant women in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort. While these chemicals have identified toxicities, little is known about their influences on fetal development. We measured these chemicals in gestational urine samples in 3 ECHO cohort sites to assess associations with birth outcomes (n = 1,231).

Appreciating the Complexity of Local Gender-Based Violence Needs Assessments: Some Key Considerations and Tensions in Context.

Needs assessments can be a pragmatic method to shape interventions addressing gender-based violence. They are complex endeavors even-or especially-at the local level (e.g.

Co-occurrence structure of late Ediacaran communities and influence of emerging ecosystem engineers.

Understanding the roles of habitat filtering, dispersal limitations and biotic interactions in shaping the organization of animal communities is a central research goal in ecology. Attempts to extend these approaches into deep time have the potential to illuminate the role of these processes over key intervals in evolutionary history. The Ediacaran marks one such interval, recording the first macroscopic benthic communities and a stepwise intensification in animal ecosystem engineering.

Cost consequences analysis of early vocational rehabilitation compared with usual care for stroke survivors.

Objective: To compare costs and consequences of Early Stroke Specialist Vocational Rehabilitation (ESSVR) with usual care in working age, stroke survivors over 12 months.

Design: An economic evaluation nested within the pragmatic, multi-centre, randomised, controlled RETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) study.

Setting: Twenty-one English and Welsh National Health Service (NHS) hospital-based stroke units.

Halving premature death and improving quality of life at all ages: cross-country analyses of past trends and future directions.

Background: Although death in old age is unavoidable, premature death-defined here as death before age 70 years-is not. To assess whether halving premature mortality by 2050 is feasible, we examined the large variation in premature death rates before age 70 years and trends over the past 50 years (1970-2019), covering ten world regions and the 30 most-populous nations. This analysis was undertaken in conjunction with the third report of The Lancet Commission on Investing in Health: Global Health 2050: the path to halving premature death by mid-century.