Non-Stoichiometric Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Forms in Macromolecular Condensates via Interphase Diffusion.

Transient amorphous phases are known as functional precursors in the formation of crystalline materials, both in vivo and in vitro. A common route to regulate amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) crystallization is via direct interactions with negatively charged macromolecules. However, a less explored phenomenon that can influence such systems is the electrostatically driven formation of Ca-macromolecule dense phases.

Unveiling the Electrical Properties of Hyaluronan-Coated Cancer Extracellular Vesicles Using Correlative Scanning Probe Microscopy-Based Nano-Electrical Modes.

Cancer cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) coated with an anionic sugar polymer, hyaluronan (HA), in the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronan is an established cancer biomarker in several cancer types. In this work, we thoroughly investigated the electrical properties of HA-coated EVs using advanced scanning probe microscopy (SPM) based nanoelectrical modes, which include EFM (electrostatic force microscopy), KPFM (Kelvin probe force microscopy), PFM (piezoresponse force microscopy) and C-AFM (conductive atomic force microscopy).

A study on indolo[3,2,1-]carbazole donor-based dye-sensitized solar cells and effects from addition of auxiliary donors.

Density functional theory has been employed to study indolo[3,2,1-]carbazole donor-based dyes, incorporating one and two units of 2,4-dimethoxybenzene auxiliary donors. Electrostatic potential analysis highlights the dye with one auxiliary donor (D2) as having the highest charge-donating capability. Structural analysis shows that auxiliary donors enhance planarity, reduce steric hindrance, and improve π-conjugation.

The role of genetic sequencing in the diagnostic work-up for chronic immune thrombocytopenia.

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a heterogenous autoimmune disorder diagnosed by excluding other conditions. Misdiagnosis of primary ITP occurs in patients with inherited thrombocytopenia and primary immunodeficiency syndromes. This study investigates whether genetic testing for inherited thrombocytopenia or primary immunodeficiency can enhance diagnostic accuracy in ITP, and guide treatment strategies.